India is the second the largest part populous country of the world and has changing socio-economic condition and political demographic and morbidity patterns that have been illustration global thought in current years. Now the, agriculture contributes approximately one-fifth of the total Gross Domestic Product (GDP). It provides the means of livelihood to about two third of the country’s population. Since long time agriculture is the prime occupation in India as well as Andhra Pradesh, even today about 58 per cent of the population relied on it as primary occupation. The agricultural development is an essential factor for the economic growth of India, the India’s planners State that agriculture is emphasized in every plan. The agriculture can also compensate the problem of unemployment. Though in recent times enacted MGNREGA, 2005 provides 100 days guarantee of employment in a year, there is great deal of fraud in issuing job cards. The problem of rural labourers is part of the wider problem of unemployment and under-employment in rural areas. The present study for rural labourers the questionnaires were served and also interview was conducted by the researcher in order to gather the necessary data. The study is conducted among the rural labourers in the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. A stratified random sampling method was adopted for selection of the respondents. In this, contexts were selected from 8 select villages of Irala Mandal of Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh. It can be concluded that the socio-economic conditions of the rural labourers is critical. In this regard, this paper is devoted to articulate the socio-economic conditions and problems of the rural labourers in the study area. This study is relied on both the secondary and primary data for its analysis.