This paper gives a brief account of ancient and modern astronomical Instruments with development of astronomical Science in India. Some of the measuring Instruments made up of simple mechanisms used for measurement of length, angle and time have been described in ancient literature however these instrument have unseen due to language constraints. These instruments were put into use by various ancient Indian astronomers and mathematician. Braham Gupta described ten types of instrument which were adopted by all subsequent writers with modifications. The Investigation of the recorded ancients astronomical instrument not only give us a glance of their historical developments but also provide overall concepts and knowledge about the mechanical characteristics for some referred function and application.