The period of Primary school age, six to ten years, is marked by active growth and development. So this period is nutritionally very significant in life. Nutritional inadequacy at school age can cause growth retardation, poor mental and social development and serious health implications throughout their life. This community based, cross-sectional survey was carried out among eighty six rural school going children (five to ten years) from Bankura district, India. The socioeconomic status was assessed by modified Kuppuswami’s socioeconomic scale. The anthropometric parameters such as weight, height, body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), head circumference (HC) and chest circumference (CC) were measured for each of the children. The nutritional status of the school children is assessed by determining the different indices of undernutrition such as underweight, stunting and wasting are determined by Z-score using the reference values of weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height of NCHS standards respectively. For measuring the overall prevalence of undernutrition, Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) is used. For statistical analysis student’s t test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson’s product moment of correlation were computed. The students were distributed in three categories according to their socioeconomic status viz. upper middle, lower middle and upper lower. The weight (P<0.05), BMI (P<0.05), MUAC (P<0.001), HC (P<0.05) and CC (P<0.05) reflect an upper tendency in the higher socioeconomic status but the height of the children did not show such differences. The prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting was 29.06%, 22.09% and 13.95% respectively. The present study indicates a direct association between nutritional status with various socioeconomic factors.